John McCarthy obituary

"In 1955, the computer scientist John McCarthy, who has died aged 84, coined the term "artificial intelligence", or AI. His pioneering work in AI – which he defined as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines" – and robotics included the development of the programming language Lisp in 1958. This was the second such high-level language, after Fortran, and was based on the idea of computing using symbolic expressions rather than numbers. McCarthy was also the first to propose a "time-sharing" model of computing. In 1961, he suggested that if his approach were adopted, "computing may some day be organised as a public utility, just as the telephone system is a public utility," and that that utility could become the basis of a significant new industry. This is the way that "cloud computing" is being sold today."

 By Jack Schofield / The Guardian / more